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Safety of Toys Directive (STD) 88/378/eec

What is a toy?

A toy means any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children of less than 14 years of age. But, there is a list of products not regarded as toys for the purpose of this directive.


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Directive (STD) 88/378/eec

The Safety of Toys Directive (STD) 88/378/eec came into force on 1st January 1990. Since then, all toys placed on the European market must bear the CE Marking.

The Directive STD covers: scope and definitions, placing products on the market and putting them into service, free movement of CE-marked goods in member states, reference to harmonized standards, vigilance and incident reporting, conformity assessment procedures, safety, authorized representative, consequences of wrongly affixed CE Marking etc

The Directive STD also sets out the mandatory "essential safety requirements" for toys relating to: the design, the construction or the composition, special hazards such as the physical and mechanical properties, flammability, chemical properties, electrical properties, hygiene and radioactivity, etc.

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CE Marking

The CE Marking is the manufacturer's declaration that his toys meet the essential requirements of the European Safety of Toys Directive (STD) 88/378/eec, and that such toys are therefore entitled to free movement throughout the 28 European Union & EFTA member states. The CE Marking has often been described as the "products' trade passport to Europe".

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Responsibilities of a Manufacturer

Toy Safety Regulations and Standard

Toy Safety Regulations are:
     - General Product Safety Regulations
     - Toys (Safety) Regulations
     - Pencil and Graphics Instruments (Safety) Regulations

Toy Safety Standards cover mainly:
     - Mechanical & Physical Hazards
     - Flammability
     - Toxicity-Migration of Certain Elements
     - Experimental Sets for Chemistry
     - Chemical Toys
     - Graphical Symbol for Age Warning
     - Electrical properties

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Electrical and Battery Powered Toys, Chemical Toys, Acoustics and Toys

Electrical and Battery Operated Toys
  1. Electrical and Battery Operated Toys covers the whole range of electrical toys from small button cells, operating lights and sound to large sit and ride on vehicles, powered by sealed lead acid cells.
  2. Toys must not be powered by electricity exceeding certain Volts.
  3. For toys operated by batteries, the problems occur when the wrong batteries are used, when old and new batteries are mixed or when batteries are wrongly inserted.
  4. When the customers want to use rechargeable batteries. Certain advice may need to be given depends on how many batteries are required to power the product.
  5. WEEE registration and compliance (after 13 August 2005)
  6. RoHS compliance (after 1 July 2006)
Chemical Toys

These have to carry clear warnings and what are the age limitations.

Acoustics & Toys

Toys that produce noise will have limits on what are described as "peak emission sound pressure levels", i.e., the loudest noise that a toy can make. Warning is needed if the noise is over certain level.

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Proper Labeling for Toys, Age Labeling & Age Warnings

By using proper labeling, Age Labeling and Age Warnings, you can prevent a customer from buying an unsuitable toy for a young child, thus you may well be preventing that child from injuring himself or herself, or you may also make sure that an inappropriate toy doesn't become an unsafe toy in the wrong hands.

CE-marked toys must meet special requirements for labeling including age labeling and warnings for children of various ages, and in particular, warnings for toys that are deemed to be unsuitable for children under 36 months. EU standards give also alternative symbol for such warnings in the place of text.

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DoC- Declaration of Conformity

In many cases, the manufacturer can self-declare that their products meet the legal requirements contained in the TSD Directive by preparing a document called "Declaration of Conformity" plus a set of "Technical Files", which support their self-claim.

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Technical Files & European Authorized Representative

If a manufacturer is from outside the 28 EU+EFTA member states, the manufacturer needs to appoint a European Authorized Representative within the EU+EFTA member states to keep the "Declaration of Conformity" and "Technical Files" for inspections by any EU surveillance authorities.

The name and address of the European Authorized Representative must be printed on the package of toys along with the CE marking.


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List of products not regarded as toys for the purpose of the TSD directive.

  1. Christmas decorations
  2. Detailed scale models for adult collectors
  3. Equipment intended to be used collectively in playgrounds
  4. Sports equipment
  5. Aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water
  6. Folk dolls and decorative dolls and other similar articles for adult collectors
  7. 'Professional' toys installed in public places (shopping centers, stations, etc.)
  8. Puzzles with more than 500 pieces or without picture, intended for specialists
  9. Air guns and air pistols
  10. Fireworks, including percussion caps (*)
  11. Slings and catapults
  12. Sets of darts with metallic points
  13. Electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage exceeding 24 volts
  14. Products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching context
  15. Vehicles with combustion engines
  16. Toy steam engines
  17. Bicycles designed for sport or for travel on the public highway (**)
  18. Video toys that can be connected to a video screen, operated at a nominal voltage exceeding 24 volts
  19. Babies' dummies
  20. Faithful reproductions of real fire arms
  21. Fashion jewellery for children
(*) With the exception of percussion caps specifically designed for use in toys without prejudice to more stringent provisions already existing in certain Member States.

(**) Cycles with a maximum saddle height of 435mm are normally considered toys.


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About CE Marking:

Please find extensive information about CE marking at our website www.CE-marking.org.

Wellkang® Group is your one-stop global solution provider!
Sell to Europe? Here are your solutions: www.CE-marking.com  www.Auth-Rep.com  www.WEEEregistration.com
Sell to US? Here are your solutions: www.FDA-Registration.com  www.FDAagent.us  www.510k.org
Sell to China? Here are your solutions: www.CCC-mark.com  www.CCC-mark.cn
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